Most Americans hoped their government would stay focused on domestic problems. None of these developments directly threatened the United States, but they did raise an important question: Under what conditions would the United States respond to world events? In 1935, dictator Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia with the aim of establishing a new Italian empire. Adolf Hitler assumed power in 1933 and began rebuilding the German military in violation of his nation’s post-World War I treaty obligations. In 1931, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria and ignored a League of Nations resolution to withdraw. The country’s isolationist mood did not change markedly through the 1920s and early 1930s, but conflicts in Europe and Asia tested America’s determination to steer clear of foreign troubles.
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The nation didn’t need heroics, he declared. Harding promised to keep the nation’s foreign policy focused tightly on American interests. Harding in the 1920 presidential election.
Voters then registered their disapproval of Wilson’s diplomatic initiative by choosing the isolationist Republican Warren G. President Woodrow Wilson wanted the United States to help keep the peace in Europe, but the US Congress blocked his attempt to have America join the recently created League of Nations. Over 200,000 American soldiers were killed or wounded. When World War I ended in 1918, the American public was eager to reduce the country’s involvement in world affairs. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum, 48-22:3626(56). Primary Image: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet aboard the HMS Prince of Wales during the Atlantic Conference, August 10, 1941.
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